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The most common type of onychomycosis (fungal nail infection) is caused by dermatophytes, specifically Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. These fungi are responsible for the majority of cases of toenail and fingernail infections. Trichophyton rubrum, in particular, is the most common causative agent of onychomycosis worldwide. It typically affects the toenails more frequently than the fingernails.
Onychomycosis caused by other fungi, such as Candida species or molds, is less common but can still occur, especially in certain populations or under specific conditions. However, dermatophytes remain the primary cause of fungal nail infections due to their ability to invade and thrive in the keratinous tissue of the nails.